The
Middle East Runs out of Water
by Daniel
Pipes The Washington Times
May 8, 2015
May 8, 2015
A ranking Iranian political figure, Issa Kalantari,
recently warned that past mistakes leave Iran with water supplies so
insufficient that up to 70 percent, or 55 million out of 78 million Iranians,
would be forced to abandon their native country for parts unknown.
Many facts buttress Kalantari's apocalyptic
prediction: Once lauded in poetry, Lake Urmia, the Middle East's largest lake, has lost 95
percent of its water since 1996, going from 31 billion cubic meters to 1.5
billion. What the Seine is to Paris, the Zayanderud was to Isfahan – except the latter went bone-dry in 2010. Over
two-thirds of Iran's cities and towns are "on the verge of a water
crisis" that could result in drinking water shortages; already, thousands
of villages depend on water tankers. Unprecedenteddust
storms disrupt economic
activity and damage health.
Nor are Iranians alone in peril; many others in
the arid Middle East may also be forced into unwanted, penurious, desperate
exile. With a unique, magnificent exception, much of the Middle East is running
out of water due to such maladies as population growth, short-sighted
dictators, distorted economic incentives, and infrastructure-destroying warfare.
Some specifics:
Gaza: In what's called a "hydrological nightmare," seawater intrusion
and the leakage of sewage has made 95 percent of the coastal aquifer unfit for
human consumption.
Yemen: Oil
remittances permit Yemenis to indulge more heavily than ever before in chewing qat, a leaf whose bushes absorb far more water than the food plants
they replaced. Drinking water "is down to less than one quart per person
per day" in many mountainous areas, reports water specialist
Gerhard Lichtenthaeler. Specialist Ilan Wulfsohn writes that Sana'a "may
become the first capital city in the world to run out of water."
Syria: The
Syrian government wasted $15 billion on failed irrigation projects in
1988-2000. Between 2002 and 2008, nearly all the 420,000 illegal wells went
dry, total water resources dropped
by half, as did grain output, causing 250,000 farmers to
abandon their land. By 2009, water problems had cost more than 800,000 jobs. By 2010, in the hinterland of Raqqa, now the
Islamic State's capital, the New York
Times reports,
"Ancient irrigation systems have collapsed, underground water sources have
run dry and hundreds of villages have been abandoned as farmlands turn to
cracked desert and grazing animals die off."
Iraq: Experts
foresee the Euphrates River's waters soon halved (refer to Revelations 16:22
for those implications). Already in 2011, the Mosul Dam, Iraq's largest, shut down entirely due to
insufficient flow. Sea water from the Persian Gulf has pushed up the Shatt al-Arab; the resulting briny water has destroyed
fisheries, livestock, and crops. In northern Iraq, water shortages have led to
the abandonment of villages, some now buried in sand, and a 95 percent decrease
in barley and wheat farming. Date palms have
diminished from 33 million to 9 million. Saddam Hussein drained the marshes of
southern Iraq, at once destroying a wildlife ecology and depriving the Marsh
Arabs of their livelihood.
Persian Gulf: Vast
desalination efforts, ironically, have increased the salinity level of gulf sea waterfrom 32,000 to 47,000 parts
per million, threatening fauna and marine life.
Nearby Pakistan may be
"a water-starved country" by 2022.
Israel provides the sole exception to this
regional tale of woe. It too, as recently as the 1990s, suffered water
shortages; but now, thanks to a combination of conservation, recycling,
innovative agricultural techniques, and high-tech desalination, the country is
awash in H2O (Israel's Water Authority: "We have all the
water we need"). I find particularly striking that Israel can desalinate about 17
liters of water for one U.S. penny; and that it recycles about five times more
water than does second-ranked Spain.
In other words, the looming drought-driven
upheaval of populations – probably the very worst of the region's many profound problems – can be
solved, with brainpower and political maturity. Desperate neighbors might think
about ending their futile state of war with the world's hydraulic superpower
and instead learn from it.